Missed or late periods aren’t always due to pregnancy. Hormonal imbalances, medical conditions, or life stages like puberty and menopause often cause irregular cycles, affecting 5%–35.6% of people.

Common causes include excessive exercise, which disrupts reproductive hormones; obesity, which increases estrogen levels; and stress, which impacts overall health. Conditions like PCOS, thyroid issues, or high prolactin levels during breastfeeding can also lead to irregular periods. Hormonal birth control may further affect cycle timing.

Understanding these factors can help you feel less alone and encourage proactive steps to manage your health.